Measure your flight'scarbon footprint

We use data from FlightRadar24 and Google Flights combined with our database of 25,600+ routes (IATA Q4 2024) and 65+ aircraft types. Each flight's CO2 is calculated using ICAO fuel-burn methodology with aircraft-specific emission factors, actual route distances, and cabin class multipliers.

We fund verified nature-based carbon removal projects: reforestation, soil carbon sequestration, and ecosystem restoration. Each tonne of CO2 removal is independently verified by third-party auditors and tracked through satellite monitoring. We use the term "removal" deliberately. We remove CO2 from the atmosphere, not just avoid future emissions.

ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) sets the global standard for calculating aviation emissions. CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) is their compliance framework requiring airlines to address CO2 growth above 2019 baseline levels. Our calculator uses ICAO's fuel-burn methodology, the same standard airlines use for regulatory reporting, so your figures are accurate and comparable.

Carbon removal is priced at approximately €100 per tonne of CO2. The exact cost depends on the project portfolio and verification standards. A typical economy flight from London to New York produces around 367 kg of CO2 per passenger. That is roughly €37 to remove entirely. Business class produces more due to greater seat area, so costs scale accordingly.

Every project in our portfolio undergoes independent third-party verification. We use satellite MRV (Measurement, Reporting, and Verification) to track carbon sequestration in real time. Projects are validated against international standards, and each removal certificate includes the project location, methodology, verification body, and satellite imagery. You can trace your removal from payment to proof.

Tao Climate aligns with the EU Carbon Removal Certification Framework (CRCF) and is positioned to generate CRCF-compliant credits by end of 2026. Our removals are being developed for alignment with the EU Carbon Removals and Carbon Farming Certification Framework, with the objective of supplying high-integrity certified removals as EU methodologies and recognised schemes mature. For organisations reporting under EU CSRD or VSME, Tao Climate enables compliant emissions reporting through the Scope dashboard.

Traditional carbon compensation schemes often fund projects that avoid future emissions, paying someone not to cut down a forest, for example. That doesn't remove the CO2 your flight just put into the atmosphere. Carbon removal physically takes CO2 out of the air through natural processes like tree growth and soil sequestration. We only fund removal because that's what the science says actually matters.

Burning 1 kg of jet fuel produces 3.15 kg of CO2. This is the ICAO-standard emission factor used by airlines worldwide for regulatory reporting, including CORSIA compliance. FLY uses this 3.15 kg CO2 per kg jet fuel factor combined with aircraft-specific fuel burn rates and actual great circle distances to calculate each flight's carbon footprint with precision.

FLY calculates the carbon footprint of flights using ICAO's fuel-burn methodology. We measure the great circle distance between airports, apply aircraft-specific fuel consumption rates (for example, a Boeing 737-800 burns approximately 2.6 kg of fuel per kilometre), then multiply by 3.15 kg CO2 per kg of jet fuel. The result is divided by load factor and adjusted by cabin class multiplier: Economy 1×, Premium Economy 1.6×, Business 2.9×.

A flight emission calculator estimates how much CO2 a specific flight produces per passenger. FLY is a free flight emission calculator at fly.taoclimate.com. Enter a flight number (e.g. BA117) or route (e.g. LHR to JFK), choose your cabin class, and FLY returns the CO2 in kilograms using live flight data from FlightRadar24 and the ICAO fuel-burn methodology. You can also support verified carbon removal directly from your result.

Your flight carbon footprint depends on the route, aircraft type, and cabin class. A short-haul economy flight (e.g. London to Amsterdam) typically produces 60 to 80 kg CO2 per passenger. A long-haul economy flight (e.g. London to New York) produces around 350 to 400 kg CO2. Business class is 2 to 3x higher due to the larger seat footprint per passenger. Use FLY to calculate the exact carbon footprint for your specific flight in seconds.

When FLY shows "above average CO2", your flight's per-passenger emissions are higher than typical for flights of similar distance. This can result from an older or less fuel-efficient aircraft, a lower passenger load factor on the route, a premium cabin class multiplier, or indirect routing. The benchmark is calculated from FLY's database of 25,600+ routes. Above average doesn't mean avoidable. It means the removal matters more.

Yes, with restrictions. At most airports worldwide, liquids must be in containers of 100ml or less, all fitting in one 1-litre transparent resealable bag (one bag per passenger). Some airports with CT scanners, including Dublin (DUB) and Shannon (SNN) in Ireland, allow up to 2 litres. Check the rules for your route using the Liquids Checker below the calculator.

Airports that have deployed CT scanners include Dublin (DUB) and Shannon (SNN) in Ireland, both allowing up to 2L per passenger. Amsterdam Schiphol (AMS) and Helsinki-Vantaa (HEL) have also upgraded lanes. Most other major airports (Heathrow, CDG, JFK, etc.) still apply the standard 100ml rule even where CT scanners are being trialled. Always verify on the day of travel.

The global default is 100ml per container. All containers together must fit in a single 1-litre clear resealable plastic bag, one bag per passenger. This applies to water, juice, creams, gels, perfumes, toothpaste, and any other liquid. At CT-scanner airports like Dublin and Shannon, larger quantities (up to 2L) are permitted. The US TSA uses the same 100ml / 3.4oz standard.

Solid makeup (powder, lipstick, eyeshadow, blush) is not subject to the liquid rule and can go in carry-on freely. Liquid and gel makeup (foundation, mascara, lip gloss, liquid eyeliner) must follow the 100ml rule: each item ≤100ml, all fitting in your one 1-litre clear bag. At CT-scanner airports (Dublin, Shannon), liquid makeup over 100ml is generally allowed, but check before you travel.

They are confiscated. No compensation, no exceptions. Even duty-free items purchased at another airport can be taken if you're connecting through a 100ml checkpoint. If your departure airport allows larger liquids (e.g. Dublin with CT scanners) but you're connecting through a standard airport (e.g. Heathrow), your larger bottles will be confiscated at the connection. Plan for the most restrictive airport on your entire route.

At most airports in 2026, carry-on liquids are still limited to 100ml per container, with all containers fitting in a single 1-litre clear resealable bag. The key exception is airports with CT scanners: Dublin (DUB) and Shannon (SNN) both allow up to 2 litres per passenger. Amsterdam Schiphol (AMS) and Helsinki-Vantaa (HEL) also have CT-scanner lanes. The US uses the TSA 3-1-1 rule, which is the same 100ml / 1-quart standard. Use the Liquids Checker on this page to look up the exact rules for your departure airport.

An empty water bottle can go through security at all airports. A full or partially full bottle is a liquid and is subject to the rules at your airport. At standard 100ml airports, any bottle of water over 100ml will be confiscated. At CT-scanner airports like Dublin (DUB) and Shannon (SNN), a bottle up to 2 litres is permitted. If in doubt, empty your bottle before the checkpoint and refill it from a water fountain or vending machine airside. Use the Liquids Checker to verify your departure airport's rules.

Yes, in carry-on with the standard 100ml restriction. Each perfume or cologne bottle must be 100ml or less, and it counts against your 1-litre clear bag allowance alongside all other liquids. If you have a larger bottle (e.g. a 200ml gift set), pack it in checked luggage. At CT-scanner airports such as Dublin (DUB) and Shannon (SNN), larger perfume bottles are generally permitted in carry-on up to the 2-litre total. Verify your specific airport's rules using the Liquids Checker above.

Yes. Solid toiletries (bar soap, solid shampoo, deodorant sticks) are not liquids and have no carry-on size restriction. Liquid or gel toiletries (shampoo, conditioner, shower gel, toothpaste, moisturiser, shaving gel) must each be 100ml or less in carry-on, fitting in your one 1-litre clear bag. Larger sizes go in checked luggage. At CT-scanner airports like Dublin (DUB) and Shannon (SNN), the 100ml restriction is lifted up to 2 litres. Check your departure airport using the Liquids Checker on this page.

The 100ml liquid rule was introduced by international aviation security regulators after 2006 to prevent liquid-based threats. The rule has three parts: (1) each individual liquid container must hold 100ml (3.4oz) or less; (2) all your liquid containers must fit together in a single transparent resealable plastic bag of approximately 1 litre capacity; (3) one bag per passenger, presented separately at the security checkpoint. The rule applies to water, juice, creams, gels, toothpaste, mascara, perfume, and any other liquid or paste. Airports with CT scanners (Dublin, Shannon, some Amsterdam and Helsinki lanes) are exempt from the 100ml limit.

Airports that have deployed CT (Computed Tomography) scanners can identify liquid threats without requiring passengers to remove liquids from bags and without the 100ml restriction. Where CT scanners are in use, most airports allow passengers to carry liquids up to 2 litres total in carry-on. Dublin Airport (DUB) and Shannon Airport (SNN) have full CT rollout with confirmed 2-litre allowances. Amsterdam Schiphol (AMS) and Helsinki-Vantaa (HEL) have CT lanes but rules may vary. The majority of airports worldwide, including Heathrow, CDG, and all US airports, still apply the 100ml rule even where CT trials are underway. Use the Liquids Checker to check your airport's current status.

Yes. Liquid medicines and prescription medications are exempt from the 100ml rule at most airports. You may carry medically necessary liquids in quantities exceeding 100ml, but you must declare them at the security checkpoint and may be asked to provide evidence (prescription, label, or letter from a doctor). This applies to insulin, liquid antibiotics, eye drops, and other prescribed liquids. TSA and most EU security agencies allow this exemption. Always check the rules for your specific departure airport and carry documentation to avoid delays. The Liquids Checker on this page covers airport-level rules, but medical exemptions are typically handled by security officers on the day.

Duty-free liquids purchased after the security checkpoint at your departure airport are generally allowed on board regardless of size, provided they are sealed in a tamper-evident bag (STEB) with the receipt visible. However, if you are connecting through another airport that applies the 100ml rule, those duty-free bottles may be confiscated at the connection security checkpoint unless that airport recognises the STEB. EU airports within the Schengen zone typically accept STEB bags. Non-Schengen connections (UK, US, others) are higher risk. The safest approach: if connecting through a strict airport, pack duty-free liquids over 100ml in checked luggage, or buy duty-free at your final connecting airport.

Yes. Baby milk, infant formula, and expressed breast milk are exempt from the 100ml rule at most airports and can be carried in quantities required for the journey. You may be asked to open containers for testing. The UK, EU, US (TSA), and most other jurisdictions all allow this exemption. Declare baby milk at the checkpoint and carry only the amount reasonably needed for the flight. For long-haul or multi-leg journeys, carry enough for the full travel day including delays. The Liquids Checker on this page shows airport-level rules, but the baby milk exemption is almost universal.

In carry-on, alcohol follows the standard liquid rule: containers must be 100ml or less, fitting in your 1-litre clear bag. Miniatures (50ml) are fine. In checked luggage, you can carry alcohol up to 70% ABV, subject to your airline's weight limits and quantity restrictions (typically up to 5 litres per passenger for spirits over 24% ABV in most jurisdictions). Alcohol over 70% ABV (such as some spirits and pure ethanol) is not permitted in checked luggage. You are not permitted to consume your own alcohol on board. At CT-scanner airports like Dublin (DUB) and Shannon (SNN), larger bottles in carry-on are permitted up to the 2-litre total. Check the Liquids Checker for your departure airport.

There is no 100ml restriction on liquids in checked luggage. You can pack full-size bottles of shampoo, perfume, wine, or any other liquid in your checked bag, subject to your airline's weight allowance. Some restrictions still apply: aerosols and flammable liquids have quantity limits (typically 500ml per item, 2 litres total for non-medicinal aerosols); pressurised containers and fuels are prohibited; and alcohol over 70% ABV is not allowed. Wrap liquids in sealed plastic bags to contain any leaks from pressure changes during flight. The 100ml rule only applies to carry-on (hand luggage).